The most common infections in children are caused by organisms called viruses such as the virus that causes the common cold. Viral infections can cause a fever and can occasionally develop into more serious bacterial infections such as pneumonia or an ear infection.

In a child, a viral infection can lead to a variety of symptoms. Some viruses cause congestion, a runny nose, headaches and ear pain. Some viruses cause vomiting and diarrhea. Viruses are usually spread by contact with body fluid or spread through droplets in the air (with coughing or sneezing). The best prevention is washing your family's and the ill child's hands frequently.

The combination of a fever, decreased fluid intake and vomiting or diarrhea can lead to dehydration. Sometimes children with viruses require an IV (intravenous line) to get fluids right into the bloodstream, but this is rare. Most kids will be able to take slow, gentle hydration (with a frozen treat, for example), and this is just as effective as and less painful than placing an IV line in a child.

Treating a fever with regular doses of acetaminophen (found in brands such as Children's Tylenol) or ibuprofen (found in brands such as Children's Motrin) is very important because a high fever causes worse dehydration, makes the child feel awful and can even cause seizures.

Most viruses will run their course in a few days. Keep in mind that healthy toddlers can develop five to 10 bouts of viral infections in a year!

The ER doctor may also search for other sources, depending on your child's symptoms. Several bacterial infections also can cause fevers and fussiness, such as urinary infections, which are common in diapered infants. Bacterial ear infections are also common, and a child may even tug on her ear to let you know she is having ear pain.

In the ER, the physician will be able to examine your child carefully for signs of a serious infection. This will include taking off all the child's clothes, checking the diaper area and looking in the child's ears. But even a fever or vomiting does not mean your little one will need antibiotics. In most cases, regular hydration, rest and a little TLC does the trick!

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