Archana Arora read the newspaper article carefully. It reported on infant vaccines and the alleged connections between immunization and autism. "I know that vaccines are supposed to be good," says the physical therapist and first-time mom in Palm Harbor, Fla. "But something really concerned me about this."

At the request of her pediatrician, Arora had already set up an appointment for her 6-month-old daughter, Divya, to receive the next round of immunizations. But before canceling the appointment altogether, Arora armed herself with information. She talked with other mothers and researched the vaccinations Divya would receive on reputable medical Web sites. She also consulted her husband, a physician. With a clearer picture of the risks, she called her pediatrician.

"I asked them specifically if any of their vaccinations contained Thimerosal, a mercury-containing preservative that was once used in immunization serums," she says. Drug manufacturers discontinued the use of vaccines with Thimerosal two years ago, after studies suggested the chemical's link to reduced motor control and autism. Still, Arora wanted to be certain there weren't old drugs in use, and at this office, there weren't. "With that information, I felt I could make the best choice for my daughter," she says. Two weeks later, Divya's immunization record was updated.

Like Arora, thousands of parents have tuned in to the possibility of risks associated with immunizing an infant or toddler. Most have been alerted by studies or news items that tell the stories of vaccines gone awry. But according to leading pediatricians, the risks of contracting the diseases are much greater than those associated with immunization.

"Side effects are much less frequent and definitely much milder than the effects of diseases like polio, hepatitis B or measles," says Dr. William J. Cashore, associate chief of pediatrics at Women and Infant's Hospital in Providence, R.I. "Many people haven't ever seen what these diseases can do to a community, and so they focus on the vaccines instead."

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