Breastmilk is best for babies. Each mother's milk is perfectly suited for her unique child, and breastfed babies have fewer illnesses and score higher on IQ tests than non-breastfed babies. But there may be times when you can't breastfeed or you may wish to supplement with formula. As a new or expecting parent, you've probably seen the vast array of formulas available on the market today. There are several types of formulas – each serves a different purpose – but their goals are the same: to provide a nutritionally sound diet for your baby. Choosing a formula can be a matter of trial and error, but by working closely with your baby's pediatrician, you're sure to find one that's suited for you and your baby.

Because commercially produced infant formulas are the only source of nutrition for non-breastfed babies, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) enforces strict controls regarding their production. There are two basic types of formulas currently available: milk-based and soy-based. Milk-based products are produced from cow's milk and are modified by altering the fat, carbohydrate and protein levels already present. Vitamins and minerals are also added to make the formula more nutritionally sound and digestible. Soy-based products use soybean proteins instead of cow's milk and are suggested for babies who are lactose intolerant or have food allergies. These lactose-free formulas include the added nutrients, vitamins and minerals necessary for a baby to grow.

"I always start my patients with milk-based formulas," says Dr. Helen Sinh-Dang, a pediatrician with Boys Town Pediatrics, in Omaha, Neb. "If the infant exhibits any reactions that point to an allergy, we try one of the others until we find the right formula for that particular baby." From these two basic types, different recipes are produced to allow for specific dietary needs.

Experts recommend iron-fortified formulas for babies from birth to 12 months of age. The added iron ensures that the child is receiving the nutrients necessary for normal mental and physical development. Elizabeth Ferree, of Yuma, Ariz., breastfed her baby until her doctor suggested switching to iron-fortified formula. "My daughter had reflux and was losing weight," Ferree says. "By putting her on iron-fortified formula, the doctor figured she would gain some weight. It worked."

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