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Making Vaccine Time a Little Easier

Distraction Techniques for Immunization Pain

By Kelly Burgess

Dr. Schecter says a parent's response to an upcoming immunization is the most important factor in pain and anxiety relief. A parent who is overly nervous, apologetic, worried or solicitous can influence the child's feelings. Here is what he suggests:

• For infants, the best distraction techniques involve oral stimulation.
• For toddlers, explain that it will hurt for just a minute, then use distraction techniques such as blowing bubbles, reading or singing.
• Never lie to a child and tell them it won't hurt. Be matter-of-fact, but honest.

In Dr. Reis' study, she found that the best distraction technique in infants was a twofold approach: oral sucrose with oral tactile stimulation combined with being held by a parent. The oral sucrose was a weak solution of sugar and water in a bottle given to the infants two minutes before the injection, which has been demonstrated to be the interval associated with the greatest analgesic effect. During the injection, the infants were encouraged to continue sucking pacifier, bottle or breast. In addition, they were cuddled by the parent during the entire procedure.

While these techniques won't eliminate pain, they will distract the child, ease pre-shot anxiety and cut down on post-shot distress. Afterwards, cuddles, words of reassurance, an ice pack on the injection site and an oral analgesic such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen all help to ease pain and surprise. Again, don't make a big deal out of the aftermath. According to the researchers, a parent's best approach is "matter-of-fact, supportive and unapologetic."

Want to see more?

• Check out our Article Library.
• A Shot in the Dark? Reexamining Immunizations
• No Needles? The Great Immunization Debate
• White Coat Anxiety: 9 Ways to Make Doctor's Visits Less Traumatic
• Talk about it!

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